Die Einbindung von Menschen mit Behinderungen in qualitative Sozialforschung
Die Kombination qualitativer Face-to-Face-, digitaler und telekommunikativer Interviews mit einer qualitativen Onlineerhebung während der Pandemie
Schlagworte:
Qualitative Sozialforschung, Interviews, Onlineerhebung, Menschen mit Behinderungen, PandemieAbstract
Hintergrund der Studie war die Beleuchtung ermöglichender und restringierender Faktoren für einen inklusiven und grenzübergreifenden Sozialraum für Menschen mit Behinderungen (MmB) in der Grenzregion Bayern-Tirol. Im Folgenden wird auf die methodologische und methodische Strategie sowie Erfahrung des qualitativen Ansatzes in der Inklusion von MmB in der Forschung und während der Pandemie eingegangen. In einer ersten Phase wurden 38 Inneninterviews mit MmB, deren Angehörigen, Arbeitgeber:innen und Mitarbeiter:innen von Institutionen, Politik und Verwaltung geführt. In einer zweiten Phase wurden die zentralen Themengebiete beziehungsweise Ergebnisse aus den Expert:inneninterviews anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse herausgearbeitet, in acht Kurzbeschreibungen zusammengefasst und in einer qualitativen Onlineerhebung, die sich am Prinzip der partizipativen Konsensbildung orientierte, zur Disposition gestellt. Insgesamt 51 Teilnehmer:innen – darunter die Interviewpartner:innen und bereits angeführten Gruppen – nahmen an der qualitativen Onlineerhebung teil. Die Teilnehmer:innen erhielten so die Möglichkeit, die verdichteten Ergebnisse einer vorangegangenen Befragung zu reflektieren und eine zweite Einschätzung abzugeben. Um die Onlineerhebung für MmB zugänglich zu machen, wurden die Kurztexte professionell in ‚Leicht Lesen‘ übersetzt und die Benutzerfreundlichkeit des Befragungstools 2ask wurde von Menschen mit Sehbehinderungen getestet. Am Ende wurden die Ergebnisse aus beiden Phasen verdichtet und zusammengeführt. In der im Folgenden präsentierten Studie wird auf die unterschiedlichen Charakteristiken und Ansprüche im Umgang mit den Zielgruppen während der Erhebung eingegangen. Herausfordernd stellten sich die Akquise, das Bereitstellen von inklusivem Erhebungsmaterial, die inklusive Gestaltung einer qualitativen Onlineerhebung sowie die Schaffung von Legitimation zur Bearbeitung eines Themas, das MmB in den Mittelpunkt rückt, dar. Ein klarer Vorteil der Inklusion von MmB in die Beforschung von Themen, die sie selbst betreffen, liegt in der Nähe zum Gegenstand und der daran geknüpften Erarbeitung lebensnaher Lösungsvorschläge.
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